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Forget about the blight of wheat not!
"Forgotten disease" that can cause yield losses of wheat to 30 percent, still lurks in more than half of the wheat fields in England
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Modern farmers often forget about the dangerous diseases of wheat in Rhizoctonia, although a new study has proven that it negatively affects germination rate and contributes to attenuation in the development of the plants, warns Dr. Rumiana ray, associate Professor of plant pathology at the University of Nottingham, UK.

A disease of wheat caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia cerealis is traditionally associated with the underlying disease of the stem, the lodging and empty discolored ear.

However, scientists discovered that the blight begins its negative impact much earlier in the season, when germinating seeds rot in the soil, which leads to lower germination and number of plants.

"Sheath blight is a disease that is associated with the soil, says Dr. ray. - It is well known that other important diseases of seedlings, associated with the types of Microdochium and Fusarium, cause attenuation and reduction in the number of plants, but we didn't know Rhizoctonia cerealis does the same thing."

The study of more than 100 English wheat fields showed that 54% contain the fungus Rhizoctonia cerealis in soil.

"Ultimately, sheath blight can cause yield losses in cereals of up to 30%, says Dr. ray. - However, farmers rarely undertake treatment against Rhizoctonia. Instead, they usually hope for machining of the soil, which actually does not affect Rhizoctonia cerealis, although the diversity of crop rotation may provide some prevention."

In the study, the researchers tested the application of seed treatment on disease.

In a field experiment, when used the treatment of seed-based fungicide seduxen, germination of wheat was increased by 23% compared to the untreated control. Moreover, the disease pressure was high on both the infected areas. Fungicidal treatment also increased the root length by 50%, restoring it to almost the same length as the area with uncontaminated soil and plants.

"Seed treatment has been very effective for protection of shoots and increase rooting due to the reduction of morbidity caused by all three pathogens - Rhizoctonia cerealis, Fusarium and Microdochium," added Dr. ray.

"The big question is what the pathogen at the seedling stage is the worst, Fusarium (Fusarium), Microdochium (pink snow mold of winter) or Rhizoctonia (black scurf)? Studies with inoculated crops, it appears that in the first place of damage are the fungi Rhizoctonia cerealis and Microdochium nivale. And the fact that farmers forget about the risk of black scurf on wheat, this is a very big mistake!" the expert stressed.

 

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Translated by service "Yandex.Translation"
Источники: АгроXXI
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